About Ram Manohar Lohia

Ram Manohar Lohia was born on 23 rd March 1910, at Akbarpur in Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. He was one of the few nationalist leaders in the country having his roots in rural India which probably conditioned his thinking process to a great extent and he remained engrossed with such perspectives throughout his life. The nationalist and teaching background of his father seemed to have ingrained two quite significant traits in his personality. First, he was Patriated in the Indian national movement from a very early age. Second, he apparently was inspired to develop an undiminishing urge for academic pursuits which culminated in earning his doctoral degree from Berlin University in 1932 on the subject of ‘Salt and Satyagraha’.

Lohia’s early initiation in the national movement was marked by two remarkable features. One is going to a meeting with Mahatma Gandhi with his father and listening to his views on issues like Satyagraha, non-violence and struggle for the independence of the country. He was so much influenced by Mahatma Gandhi as a result of this meeting that he became a Gandhian and remained so throughout his life. Even in his later ideological explorations, the main tenets of Gandhism remained prominent in his thought and actions. Second feature that initiated him into the national movement at a very tender age was when he organized a small mourning shut-down on the death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1920. His participation in the national movement since then continued unabated, a high point of which was the student protest that he organized in 1928 to protest against the Simon Commission.

In 1929, Lohia left for Berlin to pursue his higher studies and remained there till his return to India in 1934. The choice of Germany reflected an aversion to joining any university in of most Indians

sojourn abroad seemingly developed in him a deep interest in India’s relations with the rest of the world. Moreover, his participation in the proceedings of the League of Nations apparently sowed the seeds of internationalism, which later developed in his propagating the idea of world government and international peace. Lohia, though on his return to India joined the Indian National Congress, his exposure to the socialist ideas in Europe as well as his own study of the socioeconomic problems of India probably shaped his inclination towards socialism, despite being an ardent Gandhian. Consequently, as mentioned earlier, he helped set up the Congress Socialist Party in 1934. He also, along with Nehru, organized the foreign affairs department of the Congress and became its first secretary.

During the Second World War, his anti-British activities landed him up in jail. In the course of the Quit India movement, when most of the prominent leaders were imprisoned, Lohia became one of the foremost leaders of the movement and broadcast regularly on the Congress radio to disseminate the news of the movement. A remarkable though seemingly incidental event of this time was his struggle for the freedom and civil liberty of the people of Goa in 1946. The subsequent phase of the national movement saw Lohia’s participation in full measures. During this time, he also showed his solidarity with Mahatma Gandhi in his peace missions to communally tensed areas and advocated the peace and unity of the country.

Lohia advocated Administrative and Economic decentralization of the state for that he Propagated four Pillarstate such as

1. Jat todo

2. Angreji hatavo

3. Dam bando

4. Himalaya Bachawo

In the post-independence times, Lohia’s growing differences with the Congress leadership led to his quitting the party and eventually setting up the Praja Socialist Party in 1952. Elected as a member of the Lok Sabha in 1963 for the first time, Lohia put his extraordinary oratorial skills to best use on the floor of House to articulate his informed views on the causes and the solution to the problem of poverty in India. Finally, the life of an intellectually versatile and practically tireless crusader for the cause of both national as well as international peace and well-being came to an end on 12 October, 1967. Lohia over a period of time authored a number of books and monographs to propound his ideas and the theories. He left behind a rich and impeccable legacy consisting of a vast range of diversity in its intellectual framework and wide ranging domain in its functional sphere.